I.
BACKGROUND
In Indonesia,
Islamic Education was crusaded by The Islamic Dormitory. Islamic Dormitory
develops Islamic education system which is proven as a render service in making
the educated nations and religious society.
Islamic Dormitory
Education has started from the basic of Islamic Education bought by Salafy Generation1
who is still present until now. They are people who received Islamic
knowledge from the messenger era ( Muhammad SAW ), then tabi’in and tabi’it tabi’in era2.
They studied many kinds of knowledge by simple method and classic way by face to face or listening each other3.
The messenger’s friends4
got the knowledge from the messenger by discussion untill they understood everythings
the messenger tought as the great teacher of islam. They studied without
difficulty because everything was originally from the messenger, then they also
studied without any facilities, They directly memorized what they got from the
messenger and the method of study was implemented gradually, or step by step.
So, the messenger’s friends mastered in knowledge that the messenger told.
Together with the
rhythm of time, The progress of science and knowledge have increased, the
method of delivering science and knowledge
developed more too. It is with the new way and modern technology.
Raising multimedia
system as one of technology development
in this era makes the method and the way of learning be different than
before. This development era named by modernization or globalization era.
Islamic dormitory as
the centre of islamic science and knowledge development must change and
progress from the last education system namely Salafy to Modern system
because of the rhytm of time and era.
Therefore, islamic dormitory
needed in this modern era has to follow the rhytm of era until it’s existence
in developing education and keeping on the great traditions that brought by
last scholar of islam will still be continuous.
This paper will explain
the dynamics of islamic dormitory education that grows and develops from salafy
generation untill now era. So we can know the progress of islamic dormitory education according to
technology development and information with kinds of modern means and infrastructures nowdays.
In the fact of nowdays there
are many islamic dormitories only apply the modern education system, and leave
salafy system, meanwhile many islamic dormitories also just apply classic
education system and don’t take care the progress of era and technology
development and information.
The facts above happened
in society. It causes the raising of defference and comparison between those two
systems of islamic dormitory above and makes the development system of islamic dormitory
various and diverse. Because of that, We would like to make this paper to try
elaborating this fact in most of islamic dormitories in Indonesia in order we
know the dynamics of islamic dormitory education in this era especially with
differences between modern and salafy
education system.
II.
PROBLEMS
Islamic
dormitory has passed some steps of era. Certainly, It experienced some changes
and developments.
This
era that can be named by modern era, Islamic dormitory still keeps on the
existence and traditions until it can be the pioneer of islam proselytization
and the centre of learning islamic knowledge for either youngth or old society.
Therefore,
the system of islamic dormitory education is an important thing will not released
from islamic dormitory roles. But, according to the dynamics of islamic dormitory
between salafy and modern apply their system and method must be different so
long. So it raises the question, Which system of islamic dormitory education
that is suitable to be applied in this modern and globalization era with the
fact of dynamics of islamic dormitory education nowdays ?
III.
CONTENTS
Actually,
the origin of islamic dormitory lineage
had raised since the messenger of god, Muhammad era (Peace be upon him).
Then it developed more and better following the rhytm of the time. All science
and culture of Islam began from a place that named by islamic cultures centre,
Mecca. Which the prophet, Muhammad SAW was born there and islamic knowledge
also grew and developed over there. Then islam was spreaded to all corners of
world until came to Indonesia as long as time passed. Lastly, Indonesia could
receive Islam which brought by Walisongo with the ways that connected to
Indonesian’s traditional culture at last
time ago.
Walisongo
lived in Indonesia for long years and spreaded Islam religion excellently until
they death in Indonesia land. During they lived in Indonesia, they created and
foundated the islamic dormitory that become the centre of learning knowledge.
Some inharitences could be evidence such as Kudus mosque ( Al Aqsho ), Demak
mosque, and Keraton of Cirebon.
In
opinion of Zamakhsyari Dhofier5, Islamic
dormitory had been present since 1630 M, If it was accounted, it was a long
time which reached 370 years. At the first time of islamic dormitory
establishment, it was very simple and classic. The programme was delivered by a
teacher ( Kyai6
) in then mosque and attended by some students ( santri7
) or society and the study was always done after Shalat8
every day.
At
Next day, not only the society who followed
learning programme but also the people from the several regions coming
to study with kyai. Therefore, the shack was foundated for their place when
they studied, especially for the students from out region. Then, it developed
from the shack became islamic dormitory as now present.
Islamic dormitory as an
islamic educational institution built on unique traditions and special characteristics,
can not be found in the other educational institutions in Indonesia. Some
unique traditions of islamic dormitory are giving traditional learning such as halaqah system, wetonan, bandongan, and sorogan recitation9. Then,
the mind characteristic of these unique traditional learnings is the way of
giving the learning that pressed on a classic book and last method, it’s named
by Harfiyah10. Because of
that, islamic dormitory has traditional characteristic and classical
curriculum, it is not based into subject unit and independent especially.
Here are some superiorities of traditional
concepts that applied by islamic dormitory according to Abdurrahman Wahid in
his book “ Moving the traditions” that written as collecting of education
thinking story, especially islamic dormitory education.
- Capability of creating a universal life attitude that is smooth.
This
concept shows that a student of islamic dormitory can do everything himself without
dependence on the society institution everywhere.
- Capability of taking care the sub culture its self
Because,
islamic scholars are the informal leaders in society culture and they admit
that ideal roles of islamic dormitory sub culture in nation life are case
of islamic scholars.
Based on the concepts above, Actually islamic
dormitory doesn’t release from its traditions, because they are characteristics of islamic
dormitory.11
Untill Now, There are
still many islamic dormitories keep on the traditional system and method which is
suitable with concepts above. For example, Tegalrejo islamic dormitory in
Magelang. All of curriculum learning in that Islamic dormitory are delivered
during seven years with traditional and classic system. Its special characteristics
are traditional education system given based on informal curriculum and only
use islamic dormitory curriculum. It is an example of salaf islamic dormitory
that is still exist until now.
Facing this era, Islamic
dormitory as one of islamic institution has the important role in society life
and learning of the nations with various systems and diverse methods and
curriculum. Untill this era, it passed dynamics that is not constant because of
islamic dormitory difference in ways of
behaving this era. The dynamics of islamic dormitory is really
significant for all islamic dormitory, specially in Indonesia because Indonesia
has hundreds of islamic dormitory spreaded in all corners of cities or villages
in Indonesia.
We
have to release that era always moves and changes. As the fact of nowdays, globalization
and modernization are effects of the era development and facts that can’t be
refused. Firstly, globalization and modernization came by economy stripe then
spread to politics and culture stripe. Finally, it became the phenomenon that
can’t be denied12.
So, the technology development, ease
information, and education system grown effect the ways of education and
learning, especially in islamic dormitory in now era. One of the effects is
raising of modern islamic dormitory that
based on modern education system.
For
example of modern Islamic dormitory is Darussalam Gontor located on Ponorogo,
East Java. It is one of the biggest modern islamic dormitory in Indonesia and
has been famous in society circle, especially Java sociaty. All of modern
facilities are available and completed. System and method of education use the
modern ways and leave the classic ways. Then, Darussalam also grows following
knowledge and technology increasment.
There
are shape of islamic dormitory defference in ways of facing this era. We can
conclude that islamic dormitory passed dynamics from the classic to the modern.
But, actually we have to know what is islamic
dormitory dynamics .So we’d like to
explain the meaning of the dynamics.
In the basis, The dynamics
includes two processes; conservating again the positive things that had been
there and changing things by the better things.
“
Al muhafadzotu ‘alal qodim as sholih wal akhdzu bil jadid al ashlah” ( the
general principle of Islam)
Meanwhile , the word of dynamics here
has the connotation that is the change into more perfect condition with using
life attitude and tools that had been there and become the basic.13
According
to the concept above, we conlude that islamic dormitory has to apply these two
processes at all in order to be able to experience the dinamics factually.
Therefore, Islamic dormitory should also
apply the traditional and classic system, named by salafy system that is suitable
and significant for the Islamic Dormitory curriculum. Because, salafy system is
the islamic scholars’ inheritance last time and has to be kept on as a evidence
of honorability to them whom had brought islamic knowledge. Example of that is
application of memorizing al Qur’an and hadits programme, learning classic book
with Java or Sundanesse meanings, discussion, roan14, takror15, etc.
Islamic
dormitory also should take and change everything that’s estimated less usefull
into better things and more significant as rhythm of era and technology grown
that all things have to be more practiced and easier. Like helding the
infrastructures and the features that facilitate education system and method,
so it makes the students comfortable and focus in following all programe that
hold by Islamic Dormitory. For example, helding the library, the condusive
classes, the skill development classes, the sports field, the Internet, etc.
One of islamic dormitory
in Indonesia that can be the example is Al Hikmah islamic dormitory located in
Brebes, Central Java. Al Hikmah has many facilitation and infrastructure
support running learning programme and daily activities of all students. Beside
Al Hikmah applies modern system of learning like multimedia system education
and skill development with specification programme like Computer, English
course, welding, fishery, design clothing, Al Hikmah also practices the salafy method
like reciting classic book with Java meanings in every subjects tought by kyai
or teachers (ustadz/ustadzah), discussion, memorizing al Qur’an, hadith,
several classic book like aqidatul awwam,
tuhfatul athfal, imrity, alfiyah, etc.
This proves that the islamic
dormitory that’s suitable with dynamics of era is that can still apply the
salafy method that’s excellent and exist to be performed on islamic dormitory
nowdays and can be collaborated with the modern method that’s significant and
helpful in learning islam education easier and more comfortable. So, it can result
the best islamic dormitory needed by society and nations in this era.
CONCLUSION
The
dynamics is an effort to keep on and conservate constantly the good and
positive things that had been there at last time and to take and change somethings
with the better things. It’s actually taken from the general principle of Islam
that said “ Al muhafadzotu ‘alal qodim as
sholih wal akhdzu bil jadid al ashlah”.
So, the dynamics includes two processes;
conservating again the positive things that had been there and changing things
by the better things.
Meanwhile , the word of dynamics here
has the connotation that is the change into more perfect condition with using
life attitude and tools that had been there and become the basic.16
Before,
those two process will be collaborated,
we strengthen firstly that salafy is a system education brought by the last islamic
scholars in classic era, it haven’t been completed by the sophisticated tools
and facilitations, so it is characrerized anciently.
But, salafy system is the enheritance of
messenger learning that hasn’t contaminated by the modernization.
Whereas
the modern system is the new way of education that follows the rhytme of time
and era, it is also effected by the technology grown and science depelopment.
Actually, Modern system is more
important in order to Islamic students don’t be misstomorrow .
Therefore,
from that we can conclude that the suitable education of Islamic dormitory
should be applied in this glaobalization era is the education system and method
which can use and combine the salafy education system that named by inheritance
of the last islam scholar and the modern education system that follows era
development and condition grown. So, Islamic dormitory should apply those two
systems and collect it into the new system that suitable for this era.
SUGGESTION
After
we know the urgency of islamic dormitory education system, we purpose to
increase the quality and quantity of islamic dormitory which can launch the
great islamic students. With happy feeling, we’d like to give some suggestion
to government firstly in order to give more attention to the islamic dormitory
in every corners in Indonesia and don’t compare every islamic dormitory based
on the leader, but they have to be comprehensive in behave all islamic
dormitories. So, every islamic dormitory can prepare the moslem generation more
perspective in islam knowledge and general science.
Then,
the next suggestion is for all elements and departments of islamic dormitory,
they should be more active in
efectivating all programmes that have been there and exploiting it to be more
usefull. So, it can be created the education system of Islamic dormitory following the dynamics in this era.
We
hope what we writted in this paper can be
usefull for all of readers especially the sides that take part in
increasing and developing islamic dormitory in Indonesia, so that, islam can be
the pilar of religion in the world beause of islamic dormitory roles.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Abi
Bakr bin Muhammad, Taqiyyudin.Kifayatul
Akhyar.Surabaya:Darul ‘Abidin.
At
Thohani, Mahmud, Dr.1985. Mushtolahul
Ahadits.Kuwait:Haromain.
Ibrahim,
Burhanuddin, Al Laqqoni Al Maliki.2006.Jauharu
at Tauhid foto copy.Brebes: PP. Al Hikmah 2 Benda
Kamus
Munjid.1973. Edisi 21.Beyrut: Darul Masyriq.
Majalah
Elwaha.Edisi IV.2010.Artikel:Pesantren
Pusat Kajian yang Tiada Habisnya.
Suharso,
Drs. & Dra. Ana Retnoningsih.2005.Kamus
Besar Bahasa Indonesia Edisi Lux.Semarang:Widya
Karya.
Ulumul
Hadits DEPAG RI.1998/1999. Kelas III Madrasah Aliyah.
Wahid,
Abdurrahman.2007.Menggerakan tradisi.Yogyakarta:
LKIS Yogyakarta.
Zaqzuq,
Mahmud Hamdi.2004. Reposisi Islam di Era
Globalisasi.Yogyakarta.LKIS Pelangi Aksara.
3 Face to face is a method of hadits receivment
that is used by islam scholar last upon time. It includes of Listening each
other, Reading, Submitting of Hadith ( as Sima’, al Qiro’ah, al Munawalah, etc)
(Musthotahul Hadits classic book, Page 158-164 about The ways of Hadits
Receivment ).
5 Zamakhsyari
Dhofier, an
expert who concentrates on islamic dormitory learning ( El Waha magazine the 4th
edition 2010, page 4 )
6 Kyai,
a name for a
islam scholar or a leader of islamic dormitory ( Indonesia Big Dictionary, Lux
Edition, page 251 )
7
Santri,
a name for a
person who deepen islamic knowledge or a devout person seriously or a good
person.
8 Shalat,as etimology is a praying.
as terminology is an expression of sayings and actions begun by takbir and finished by salam (Kifayatul Akhyar classic book, about
Shalat chapter, page 77)
9 Halaqoh system is a system of education
in shape of seats like cyrcle which a Kyai teaches in middle of the students’
cyrcle.( Munjid Dictionary, page 149)
Sorogan, is a learning or recitation method
which the students read the classic book to the teacher one by one in order to be more detail and more specific in learning.
Bandongan is a learning or recitation method
in shape of class
Wetonan
is a learning or
recitation method based on the days of Jawa (like pahing, kliwon, wage, pon,
legi) (Indonesia Big Dictionary, Lux Edition, page 73 & 639 )
10 Harfiyah : translation or meanings according to words, word by
word, based on lexical meaning, based on sentence context. (Indonesia Big Dictionary, Lux Edition, page
165 )
11 Alm. KH. Abdurrahman Wahid, “
Moving the traditions” second edition, april 2007 page 73.
12 Mahmud Hamdi Zaqzuq, “ Islam
Reposition in Globalization Era”, First Edition, September 2004, page 4.
13
Alm. KH. Abdurrahman Wahid, “ Moving the traditions”, second edition, April 2007.
Page 53.
14
Roan is a programme of cooperation on
cleaning or building everything together
in islamic dormitory .
15
Takror is a programme of repeating the lessons together
16 Alm. KH. Abdurrahman Wahid, “
Moving the traditions”, second edition, April 2007. Page 53.
Posts
0 komentar:
Post a Comment